Treatment of AG129 mice with antisense morpholino oligomers increases survival time following challenge with dengue 2 virus

Objectives To determine the antiviral activity of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO) and peptide-conjugated PMO (PPMO) in AG129 mice infected with dengue 2 virus (DENV-2). Methods Antisense PMO and PPMO were designed against the 5' terminal region (5'SL) or the 3'-cyclization sequence region (3'CS) of DENV genomic RNA and administered to AG129 mice before and/or after infection with DENV-2. In addition, cell culture evaluations designed to determine optimum PPMO length, and pharmacokinetic and toxicity analysis of PPMO were also carried out. Results Mock-treated AG129 mice lived for 9-17 days following intraperitoneal (ip) infection with 10(4)-10(6) pfu of DENV-2 (strain New Guinea C). Intraperitoneal administration of 5'SL or 3'CS PPMO before and after DENV infection produced an increase in the average survival time of up to 8 days. Animals receiving only post-infection PPMO treatment did not benefit significantly. Cell culture studies showed that PPMO of 22-24 bases long produced substantially higher DENV titre reductions than did PPMO that were either shorter or longer. Pharmacokinetic and toxicology analysis with non-infected animals showed that nine consecutive once-daily ip treatments of 10 mg/kg PPMO resulted in high concentrations of PPMO in the liver and caused little impact on overall health. Conclusions The data indicate that PPMO had considerable antiviral efficacy against DENV-2 in the AG129 mouse model and that PPMO treatment early in the course of an infection was critical to extending the survival times of DENV-2-infected mice in the AG129 model system.